首页 后端技术 thinkphp 正文
我要投稿

ThinkPHP 8.0全栈API开发实战：从零构建企业级电商后端系统

thinkphp
2025-10-01 0 947

完整构建高可用、高安全的电商API系统，涵盖商品、订单、支付等核心模块

一、系统架构设计与技术选型

基于ThinkPHP 8.0构建现代化电商API系统，采用分层架构设计，确保系统的高可用性和可扩展性。

1.1 系统架构层次

层次 职责 核心技术
表现层 API接口、参数验证 ThinkPHP控制器、验证器
业务层 业务逻辑处理 Service服务层、事件系统
数据层 数据持久化 模型层、Repository模式
基础设施层 缓存、队列、文件存储 Redis、消息队列、OSS

1.2 项目目录结构

app/
├── controller/     # 控制器层
├── service/        # 业务服务层
├── model/          # 数据模型层
├── repository/     # 数据仓库层
├── middleware/     # 中间件
├── event/          # 事件定义
├── listener/       # 事件监听器
├── validate/       # 验证器
└── common.php      # 公共函数

config/
├── route.php       # 路由配置
├── middleware.php  # 中间件配置
├── database.php    # 数据库配置
└── cache.php       # 缓存配置

二、数据库设计与优化

2.1 核心数据表设计

-- 商品表
CREATE TABLE `product` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
  `description` text COMMENT '商品描述',
  `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品价格',
  `stock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '库存数量',
  `status` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '状态：1-上架 0-下架',
  `category_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '分类ID',
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_category` (`category_id`),
  KEY `idx_status` (`status`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

-- 订单表
CREATE TABLE `order` (
  `id` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单号',
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  `total_amount` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单总金额',
  `status` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '状态：0-待支付 1-已支付 2-已发货 3-已完成 4-已取消',
  `payment_method` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '支付方式',
  `shipping_address` text COMMENT '收货地址',
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_user` (`user_id`),
  KEY `idx_status` (`status`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

-- 订单商品表
CREATE TABLE `order_item` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_id` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '订单ID',
  `product_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品ID',
  `product_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
  `product_price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品单价',
  `quantity` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_order` (`order_id`),
  KEY `idx_product` (`product_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

2.2 模型关系定义

<?php
namespace appmodel;

use thinkModel;

class Product extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'product';
    
    // 定义分类关联
    public function category()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }
    
    // 自动时间戳
    protected $autoWriteTimestamp = true;
    
    // 价格访问器
    public function getPriceAttribute($value)
    {
        return number_format($value, 2);
    }
}

class Order extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'order';
    protected $pk = 'id';
    
    // 订单商品关联
    public function items()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(OrderItem::class, 'order_id');
    }
    
    // 用户关联
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    
    // 状态获取器
    public function getStatusTextAttr()
    {
        $status = [
            0 => '待支付',
            1 => '已支付', 
            2 => '已发货',
            3 => '已完成',
            4 => '已取消'
        ];
        return $status[$this->status] ?? '未知';
    }
}

三、JWT认证授权系统

3.1 JWT工具类实现

<?php
namespace appservice;

use FirebaseJWTJWT;
use FirebaseJWTKey;

class JwtService
{
    private static $key = 'your-secret-key';
    private static $alg = 'HS256';
    
    public static function generateToken($userId, $expire = 7200)
    {
        $payload = [
            'iss' => 'ecommerce-api',
            'iat' => time(),
            'exp' => time() + $expire,
            'user_id' => $userId
        ];
        
        return JWT::encode($payload, self::$key, self::$alg);
    }
    
    public static function verifyToken($token)
    {
        try {
            $decoded = JWT::decode($token, new Key(self::$key, self::$alg));
            return (array)$decoded;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    public static function refreshToken($token)
    {
        $payload = self::verifyToken($token);
        if ($payload && isset($payload['user_id'])) {
            return self::generateToken($payload['user_id']);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

3.2 认证中间件

<?php
namespace appmiddleware;

class AuthMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $token = $request->header('Authorization');
        
        if (!$token) {
            return json(['code' => 401, 'message' => '缺少认证令牌'], 401);
        }
        
        // 提取Bearer token
        if (str_starts_with($token, 'Bearer ')) {
            $token = substr($token, 7);
        }
        
        $payload = appserviceJwtService::verifyToken($token);
        if (!$payload) {
            return json(['code' => 401, 'message' => '令牌无效或已过期'], 401);
        }
        
        // 将用户信息存入请求上下文
        $request->user = appmodelUser::find($payload['user_id']);
        if (!$request->user) {
            return json(['code' => 401, 'message' => '用户不存在'], 401);
        }
        
        return $next($request);
    }
}

3.3 用户登录接口

<?php
namespace appcontroller;

use appserviceAuthService;
use appvalidateLoginValidate;

class AuthController
{
    public function login()
    {
        $data = request()->post();
        
        // 参数验证
        validate(LoginValidate::class)->check($data);
        
        $result = AuthService::login($data['username'], $data['password']);
        
        if (!$result) {
            return json([
                'code' => 400,
                'message' => '用户名或密码错误'
            ]);
        }
        
        return json([
            'code' => 200,
            'message' => '登录成功',
            'data' => [
                'token' => $result['token'],
                'user' => $result['user']
            ]
        ]);
    }
    
    public function logout()
    {
        // 记录登出日志
        event('UserLogout', [request()->user->id]);
        
        return json([
            'code' => 200,
            'message' => '登出成功'
        ]);
    }
}

四、商品模块完整实现

4.1 商品服务层

<?php
namespace appservice;

use appmodelProduct;
use apprepositoryProductRepository;
use thinkfacadeCache;

class ProductService
{
    protected $productRepo;
    
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->productRepo = new ProductRepository();
    }
    
    public function getProductList($page = 1, $limit = 20, $filters = [])
    {
        $cacheKey = "product_list:{$page}:{$limit}:" . md5(serialize($filters));
        
        return Cache::remember($cacheKey, 300, function() use ($page, $limit, $filters) {
            return $this->productRepo->getPaginatedList($page, $limit, $filters);
        });
    }
    
    public function getProductDetail($id)
    {
        $product = $this->productRepo->findWithRelations($id, ['category']);
        
        if (!$product) {
            throw new Exception('商品不存在');
        }
        
        // 记录商品访问
        event('ProductViewed', [$product->id]);
        
        return $product;
    }
    
    public function updateStock($productId, $quantity)
    {
        $product = Product::find($productId);
        if (!$product) {
            throw new Exception('商品不存在');
        }
        
        if ($product->stock where('stock', '>=', $quantity)
            ->dec('stock', $quantity)
            ->update();
            
        if (!$result) {
            throw new Exception('库存更新失败');
        }
        
        // 清除缓存
        Cache::delete("product_detail:{$productId}");
        
        return true;
    }
}

4.2 商品控制器

<?php
namespace appcontroller;

use appserviceProductService;
use appvalidateProductValidate;

class ProductController
{
    protected $productService;
    
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->productService = new ProductService();
    }
    
    public function index()
    {
        $page = request()->param('page', 1);
        $limit = request()->param('limit', 20);
        $categoryId = request()->param('category_id');
        
        $filters = [];
        if ($categoryId) {
            $filters['category_id'] = $categoryId;
        }
        
        $result = $this->productService->getProductList($page, $limit, $filters);
        
        return json([
            'code' => 200,
            'data' => $result
        ]);
    }
    
    public function read($id)
    {
        try {
            $product = $this->productService->getProductDetail($id);
            
            return json([
                'code' => 200,
                'data' => $product
            ]);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return json([
                'code' => 404,
                'message' => $e->getMessage()
            ], 404);
        }
    }
}

五、订单模块与事务处理

5.1 订单创建服务

<?php
namespace appservice;

use appmodelOrder;
use appmodelOrderItem;
use appmodelProduct;
use thinkfacadeDb;
use thinkfacadeEvent;

class OrderService
{
    public function createOrder($userId, $items, $address)
    {
        Db::startTrans();
        try {
            // 验证商品库存
            $productList = [];
            $totalAmount = 0;
            
            foreach ($items as $item) {
                $product = Product::where('id', $item['product_id'])
                    ->where('status', 1)
                    ->lock(true)
                    ->find();
                    
                if (!$product) {
                    throw new Exception("商品 {$item['product_id']} 不存在或已下架");
                }
                
                if ($product->stock name} 库存不足");
                }
                
                $productList[] = $product;
                $totalAmount += $product->price * $item['quantity'];
            }
            
            // 生成订单号
            $orderNo = date('YmdHis') . str_pad(mt_rand(1, 9999), 4, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
            
            // 创建订单
            $order = new Order();
            $order->save([
                'id' => $orderNo,
                'user_id' => $userId,
                'total_amount' => $totalAmount,
                'shipping_address' => json_encode($address),
                'status' => 0
            ]);
            
            // 创建订单商品
            foreach ($items as $index => $item) {
                $product = $productList[$index];
                
                OrderItem::create([
                    'order_id' => $orderNo,
                    'product_id' => $product->id,
                    'product_name' => $product->name,
                    'product_price' => $product->price,
                    'quantity' => $item['quantity']
                ]);
                
                // 扣减库存
                $product->stock -= $item['quantity'];
                $product->save();
            }
            
            Db::commit();
            
            // 触发订单创建事件
            Event::trigger('OrderCreated', $order);
            
            return $order;
            
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            Db::rollback();
            throw $e;
        }
    }
    
    public function cancelOrder($orderId, $userId)
    {
        Db::startTrans();
        try {
            $order = Order::where('id', $orderId)
                ->where('user_id', $userId)
                ->lock(true)
                ->find();
                
            if (!$order) {
                throw new Exception('订单不存在');
            }
            
            if ($order->status != 0) {
                throw new Exception('当前状态无法取消订单');
            }
            
            // 恢复库存
            $items = $order->items;
            foreach ($items as $item) {
                Product::where('id', $item->product_id)
                    ->inc('stock', $item->quantity)
                    ->update();
            }
            
            // 更新订单状态
            $order->status = 4;
            $order->save();
            
            Db::commit();
            
            Event::trigger('OrderCancelled', $order);
            
            return true;
            
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            Db::rollback();
            throw $e;
        }
    }
}

六、支付系统集成

6.1 支付服务抽象层

<?php
namespace appservicepayment;

interface PaymentInterface
{
    public function pay($order, $config);
    public function verify($data);
    public function refund($order, $amount);
}

class AlipayService implements PaymentInterface
{
    public function pay($order, $config)
    {
        // 支付宝支付逻辑
        $params = [
            'out_trade_no' => $order->id,
            'total_amount' => $order->total_amount,
            'subject' => '商品订单支付',
            'body' => '订单描述'
        ];
        
        // 调用支付宝SDK
        return $this->buildPaymentForm($params);
    }
    
    public function verify($data)
    {
        // 验证支付宝回调签名
        return $this->verifySignature($data);
    }
    
    public function refund($order, $amount)
    {
        // 退款逻辑
        $params = [
            'out_trade_no' => $order->id,
            'refund_amount' => $amount
        ];
        
        return $this->requestRefund($params);
    }
}

class WechatPayService implements PaymentInterface
{
    public function pay($order, $config)
    {
        // 微信支付逻辑
        $params = [
            'out_trade_no' => $order->id,
            'total_fee' => intval($order->total_amount * 100),
            'body' => '商品订单支付'
        ];
        
        return $this->unifiedOrder($params);
    }
    
    // 其他方法实现...
}

6.2 支付控制器

<?php
namespace appcontroller;

use appservicePaymentService;

class PaymentController
{
    public function pay($orderId)
    {
        $order = appmodelOrder::where('id', $orderId)
            ->where('user_id', request()->user->id)
            ->find();
            
        if (!$order) {
            return json(['code' => 404, 'message' => '订单不存在']);
        }
        
        if ($order->status != 0) {
            return json(['code' => 400, 'message' => '订单状态异常']);
        }
        
        $paymentType = request()->param('type', 'alipay');
        $result = PaymentService::createPayment($order, $paymentType);
        
        return json([
            'code' => 200,
            'data' => $result
        ]);
    }
    
    public function notify($type)
    {
        $data = request()->post();
        $result = PaymentService::handleNotify($type, $data);
        
        if ($result) {
            return 'success';
        } else {
            return 'fail';
        }
    }
}

七、API文档与测试

7.1 路由配置

<?php
use thinkfacadeRoute;

// 认证路由
Route::post('auth/login', 'auth/login');
Route::post('auth/logout', 'auth/logout')->middleware(appmiddlewareAuthMiddleware::class);

// 商品路由
Route::get('products', 'product/index');
Route::get('products/:id', 'product/read');

// 订单路由
Route::post('orders', 'order/create')->middleware(appmiddlewareAuthMiddleware::class);
Route::get('orders/:id', 'order/read')->middleware(appmiddlewareAuthMiddleware::class);
Route::put('orders/:id/cancel', 'order/cancel')->middleware(appmiddlewareAuthMiddleware::class);

// 支付路由
Route::post('orders/:id/pay', 'payment/pay')->middleware(appmiddlewareAuthMiddleware::class);
Route::post('payment/notify/:type', 'payment/notify');

7.2 接口响应规范

{
    "code": 200,           // 状态码
    "message": "success",  // 消息
    "data": {             // 数据
        "id": 1,
        "name": "商品名称"
    },
    "timestamp": 1634567890
}

ThinkPHP 8.0全栈API开发实战：从零构建企业级电商后端系统
收藏 (0) 打赏

感谢您的支持，我会继续努力的!

打开微信/支付宝扫一扫，即可进行扫码打赏哦，分享从这里开始，精彩与您同在
点赞 (0)

淘吗网 thinkphp ThinkPHP 8.0全栈API开发实战：从零构建企业级电商后端系统 https://www.taomawang.com/server/thinkphp/1147.html

ThinkPHP 8.x多租户SaaS系统架构设计与完整实现教程
上一篇： ThinkPHP 8.x多租户SaaS系统架构设计与完整实现教程
下一篇：

已经没有下一篇了!

常见问题

相关文章

ThinkPHP 8.0全栈API开发实战：从零构建企业级电商后端系统
ThinkPHP 8.0全栈API开发实战：从零构建企业级电商后端系统
thinkphp
2天前 947
ThinkPHP 8.x多租户SaaS系统架构设计与完整实现教程
ThinkPHP 8.x多租户SaaS系统架构设计与完整实现教程
thinkphp
4天前 126
ThinkPHP 6.x 企业级CMS开发实战：从架构设计到性能优化
ThinkPHP 6.x 企业级CMS开发实战：从架构设计到性能优化
thinkphp
6天前 790
ThinkPHP 6.x 企业级项目开发实战：从零构建高性能API服务 | PHP框架教程
ThinkPHP 6.x 企业级项目开发实战：从零构建高性能API服务 | PHP框架教程
thinkphp
6天前 257
猜你喜欢
发表评论
暂无评论
官方客服团队

为您解决烦忧 - 24小时在线 专业服务

联系官方团队 在线提交工单
TA的动态
淘吗网

分享最新技术教程共同学习，共同进步，共同成长！

QQ交流群
淘吗网

QQ交流群

您的支持，是我们最大的动力！QQ群号:935592106
热门文章
热门评论
首页 技术 菜单 客服 我的