我要投稿

PHP异步编程新范式：Swoole协程实现高并发微服务架构

文章小助手 php

2025-07-14 0 575

PHP异步编程新范式：Swoole协程实现高并发微服务架构

一、Swoole协程核心原理

基于IO多路复用的轻量级线程技术：

// 基础协程示例
Corun(function() {
    go(function() {
        echo "协程1开始n";
        Co::sleep(1);
        echo "协程1结束n";
    });
    
    go(function() {
        echo "协程2开始n";
        Co::sleep(0.5);
        echo "协程2结束n";
    });
});

// 输出顺序：
// 协程1开始
// 协程2开始
// 协程2结束
// 协程1结束

核心优势：同步编码、异步IO、零回调地狱、高并发

二、微服务架构实战

1. 协程HTTP客户端

// 并发请求多个API
Corun(function() {
    $results = [];
    $wg = new CoWaitGroup();
    
    $apis = [
        '/user/123',
        '/orders/123',
        '/products'
    ];
    
    foreach ($apis as $api) {
        $wg->add();
        go(function() use ($api, &$results, $wg) {
            $cli = new CoHttpClient('api.example.com', 443, true);
            $cli->set(['timeout' => 3]);
            $cli->get($api);
            
            $results[$api] = $cli->body;
            $wg->done();
        });
    }
    
    $wg->wait();
    print_r($results);
});

2. 协程MySQL连接池

// 协程安全连接池
class CoroutineMysqlPool {
    private $pool;
    private $config;
    
    public function __construct($config, $size = 10) {
        $this->config = $config;
        $this->pool = new CoChannel($size);
        
        for ($i = 0; $i connect($config);
            $this->pool->push($mysql);
        }
    }
    
    public function get(): SwooleCoroutineMySQL {
        return $this->pool->pop();
    }
    
    public function put($mysql): void {
        $this->pool->push($mysql);
    }
}

// 使用示例
$pool = new CoroutineMysqlPool([
    'host' => '127.0.0.1',
    'user' => 'root',
    'password' => '',
    'database' => 'test'
]);

go(function() use ($pool) {
    $mysql = $pool->get();
    $result = $mysql->query('SELECT * FROM users');
    $pool->put($mysql);
});

三、电商系统实战案例

1. 秒杀系统实现

// 协程版秒杀服务
class SeckillService {
    private $redis;
    private $mysqlPool;
    
    public function __construct() {
        $this->redis = new CoRedis();
        $this->redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
        
        $this->mysqlPool = new CoroutineMysqlPool([
            'host' => '127.0.0.1',
            'user' => 'root',
            'password' => '',
            'database' => 'shop'
        ]);
    }
    
    public function handleRequest($userId, $productId) {
        // 1. 库存预减
        $stockKey = "seckill:stock:{$productId}";
        $stock = $this->redis->decr($stockKey);
        if ($stock redis->incr($stockKey);
            return false;
        }
        
        // 2. 去重检查
        $orderKey = "seckill:orders:{$productId}";
        if ($this->redis->sIsMember($orderKey, $userId)) {
            $this->redis->incr($stockKey);
            return false;
        }
        
        // 3. 创建订单
        $mysql = $this->mysqlPool->get();
        try {
            $mysql->begin();
            
            // 扣减真实库存
            $mysql->query("UPDATE products SET stock = stock - 1 WHERE id = {$productId} AND stock > 0");
            
            // 创建订单
            $orderId = uniqid();
            $mysql->query("INSERT INTO orders VALUES(...)");
            
            // 记录用户购买
            $this->redis->sAdd($orderKey, $userId);
            
            $mysql->commit();
            return $orderId;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $mysql->rollback();
            $this->redis->incr($stockKey);
            return false;
        } finally {
            $this->mysqlPool->put($mysql);
        }
    }
}