一、全文搜索技术选型对比

二、核心实现方案

1. Elasticsearch服务集成

// config/elasticsearch.php
return [
    'hosts' => [
        env('ES_HOST', '127.0.0.1:9200')
    ],
    'retries' => 3,
    'connection_pool' => 'ElasticsearchConnectionPoolSimpleConnectionPool',
    'selector' => 'ElasticsearchConnectionPoolSelectorsRoundRobinSelector',
];

// 服务提供者
class ElasticsearchService extends Service
{
    public function register()
    {
        $this->app->bind('es', function(){
            return ClientBuilder::create()
                ->setHosts(config('elasticsearch.hosts'))
                ->setRetries(config('elasticsearch.retries'))
                ->build();
        });
    }
}

2. 数据同步机制

// 商品模型观察者
class ProductObserver
{
    public function saved(Product $product)
    {
        $params = [
            'index' => 'products',
            'id' => $product->id,
            'body' => [
                'title' => $product->title,
                'description' => $product->description,
                'price' => $product->price,
                'categories' => $product->categories,
                'created_at' => $product->created_at
            ]
        ];
        
        app('es')->index($params);
    }

    public function deleted(Product $product)
    {
        app('es')->delete([
            'index' => 'products',
            'id' => $product->id
        ]);
    }
}

3. 高级搜索实现

class SearchService
{
    public function search($keyword, $filters = [])
    {
        $params = [
            'index' => 'products',
            'body' => [
                'query' => [
                    'bool' => [
                        'must' => [
                            [
                                'multi_match' => [
                                    'query' => $keyword,
                                    'fields' => ['title^3', 'description'],
                                    'type' => 'most_fields'
                                ]
                            }
                        ],
                        'filter' => $this->buildFilters($filters)
                    ]
                ],
                'highlight' => [
                    'fields' => [
                        'title' => new stdClass(),
                        'description' => new stdClass()
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ];

        return app('es')->search($params);
    }

    protected function buildFilters($filters)
    {
        // 构建价格区间、分类等过滤条件
    }
}

三、性能优化方案

• 索引设计：按业务分片+副本配置
• 查询优化：使用bool查询替代高开销操作
• 缓存策略：高频搜索词结果缓存
• 异步同步：队列处理数据变更

搜索性能对比

测试数据集：1000万商品
MySQL LIKE查询：1200-1500ms
Elasticsearch查询：15-50ms
TP内置搜索：200-300ms

四、扩展功能实现

1. 搜索建议(Completion Suggester)

// 创建建议器索引
PUT /products
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "suggest": {
        "type": "completion"
      }
    }
  }
}

// PHP实现
public function suggest($keyword)
{
    $params = [
        'index' => 'products',
        'body' => [
            'suggest' => [
                'product_suggest' => [
                    'prefix' => $keyword,
                    'completion' => [
                        'field' => 'suggest'
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ];
    
    return app('es')->search($params);
}