ThinkPHP 6.0深度实战：模型关联与复杂查询优化全攻略

一、模型关联高级用法

ThinkPHP 6.0 ORM的核心关联功能解析：

// 用户模型定义关联
class User extends Model
{
    // 一对多关联文章
    public function articles()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Article::class);
    }
    
    // 多对多关联角色
    public function roles()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'user_role');
    }
    
    // 远程一对多关联（用户->文章->评论）
    public function comments()
    {
        return $this->hasManyThrough(Comment::class, Article::class);
    }
}

// 关联预加载优化查询
$users = User::with(['articles' => function($query) {
        $query->where('status', 1)->field('id,title,user_id');
    }])
    ->where('score', '>', 80)
    ->select();

关联优势：延迟加载、预加载优化、链式调用、自动维护

二、复杂查询构建技巧

1. 高级条件查询

// 动态条件构造器
$map = [];
if ($request->has('keywords')) {
    $map[] = ['title|content', 'like', '%'.$request->param('keywords').'%'];
}
if ($request->has('category_id')) {
    $map[] = ['category_id', '=', $request->param('category_id')];
}

$list = Article::withJoin(['user' => ['name', 'avatar']])
    ->where($map)
    ->whereTime('create_time', 'between', ['2022-01-01', '2022-12-31'])
    ->order('read_count', 'desc')
    ->paginate(10);

2. 原生查询优化

// 复杂SQL构建
$result = Db::query("
    SELECT u.name, COUNT(a.id) as article_count 
    FROM blog_user u
    LEFT JOIN blog_article a ON u.id = a.user_id
    WHERE u.status = 1
    GROUP BY u.id
    HAVING article_count > 5
    ORDER BY article_count DESC
    LIMIT 10
");

// 参数绑定安全查询
$sql = "SELECT * FROM blog_article WHERE category_id = :cid AND status = :status";
$articles = Db::query($sql, [
    'cid' => $categoryId,
    'status' => 1
]);

三、性能优化实战

1. 查询缓存策略

// 模型缓存实现
$user = User::cache(true, 3600)
    ->where('id', $userId)
    ->find();

// 关联查询缓存
$articles = Article::with(['user' => function($query) {
        $query->cache(300);
    }])
    ->cache('article_list_'.$page, 600)
    ->paginate(10);

// 更新时自动清除缓存
$article = Article::find($id);
$article->title = $newTitle;
$article->save();
Cache::delete('article_list_*'); // 通配符清除

2. 批量操作优化

// 批量插入优化
$data = [];
for ($i = 0; $i  '测试标题'.$i,
        'content' => '内容'.$i
    ];
}
Db::name('article')->insertAll($data);

// 批量更新方案
Db::name('user')
    ->whereIn('id', $ids)
    ->update([
        'status' => Db::raw('IF(score>80, 2, status)'),
        'update_time' => time()
    ]);

// 事务处理
Db::transaction(function() use ($orderData) {
    $order = Order::create($orderData);
    OrderItem::insertAll($orderItems);
    Inventory::decStock($orderItems);
});

四、电商系统实战案例

1. 订单关联查询系统

class Order extends Model
{
    // 订单关联定义
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    
    public function items()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(OrderItem::class);
    }
    
    public function payment()
    {
        return $this->hasOne(Payment::class);
    }
    
    // 订单状态范围查询
    public function scopePaid($query)
    {
        $query->where('status', '>', 0);
    }
}

// 复杂订单查询
$orders = Order::with(['user', 'items.product', 'payment'])
    ->where('create_time', '>=', strtotime('-1 month'))
    ->scope('paid')
    ->chunk(100, function($orders) {
        foreach ($orders as $order) {
            // 批量处理逻辑
        }
    });