Vue2指令深度开发：构建可复用交互行为库

资深开发工程师 vue2

2025-07-30 0 161

Vue2指令深度开发：构建可复用交互行为库

一、技术优势

自定义指令使交互行为代码复用率提升300%，维护成本降低50%

拖拽我

二、核心实现

1. 权限控制指令

Vue.directive('permission', {
    inserted(el, binding) {
        const userRoles = ['user', 'editor'];
        const requiredRole = binding.value;
        
        if (!userRoles.includes(requiredRole)) {
            el.parentNode.removeChild(el);
        }
    }
});

2. 拖拽指令

Vue.directive('draggable', {
    inserted(el) {
        el.draggable = true;
        
        el.addEventListener('dragstart', (e) => {
            e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', el.id);
            el.classList.add('dragging');
        });
        
        el.addEventListener('dragend', () => {
            el.classList.remove('dragging');
        });
    }
});

三、高级指令

1. 防抖点击指令

Vue.directive('debounce-click', {
    bind(el, { value, arg }) {
        const delay = arg || 500;
        let timer = null;
        
        el.addEventListener('click', () => {
            clearTimeout(timer);
            timer = setTimeout(value, delay);
        });
    }
});

2. 元素动画指令

Vue.directive('animate', {
    inserted(el, binding) {
        const animationClass = `animate__${binding.value}`;
        el.classList.add('animate__animated', animationClass);
        
        el.addEventListener('animationend', () => {
            el.classList.remove('animate__animated', animationClass);
        });
    }
});

四、完整案例

可排序列表

{{ item.text }}

// 拖放指令组合
Vue.directive('droppable', {
    inserted(el) {
        el.addEventListener('dragover', (e) => {
            e.preventDefault();
            el.classList.add('drop-over');
        });
        
        el.addEventListener('dragleave', () => {
            el.classList.remove('drop-over');
        });
    }
});

new Vue({
    data() {
        return {
            items: [
                {id: 1, text: '项目1'},
                {id: 2, text: '项目2'}
            ],
            draggedItem: null
        };
    },
    methods: {
        handleDragStart(item) {
            this.draggedItem = item;
        },
        handleDrop(targetId) {
            const fromIndex = this.items.findIndex(
                item => item.id === this.draggedItem.id
            );
            const toIndex = this.items.findIndex(
                item => item.id === targetId
            );
            
            this.items.splice(
                toIndex, 0, 
                this.items.splice(fromIndex, 1)[0]
            );
        }
    }
});

// 注册核心指令
Vue.directive(‘permission’, {
inserted(el, binding) {
const currentUser = { roles: [‘user’] };
if (!currentUser.roles.includes(binding.value)) {
el.style.display = ‘none’;
}
}
});

Vue.directive(‘draggable’, {
inserted(el) {
el.draggable = true;
el.style.cursor = ‘move’;
el.style.padding = ‘8px’;
el.style.margin = ‘4px’;
el.style.border = ‘1px solid #ddd’;
}
});

// 主Vue实例
new Vue({
el: ‘#app’,
data: {
items: [
{id: 1, text: ‘任务1’},
{id: 2, text: ‘任务2’},
{id: 3, text: ‘任务3’}
],
draggedItem: null
},
methods: {
handleDragStart(item) {
this.draggedItem = item;
},
handleDrop(targetId) {
const fromIndex = this.items.findIndex(
item => item.id === this.draggedItem.id
);
const toIndex = this.items.findIndex(
item => item.id === targetId
);