ThinkPHP6企业级实战：从零构建高并发电商平台API

一、项目架构设计

电商平台API技术栈：

• ThinkPHP6：核心框架
• MySQL：主数据库
• Redis：缓存与队列
• Elasticsearch：商品搜索
• JWT：接口认证

二、核心功能实现

1. 高性能商品API

// app/controller/Product.php
namespace appcontroller;

use appmodelProduct as ProductModel;
use thinkfacadeCache;
use thinkfacadeDb;

class Product
{
    // 商品详情带缓存
    public function detail($id)
    {
        $cacheKey = 'product_detail_' . $id;
        $product = Cache::remember($cacheKey, function() use ($id) {
            return ProductModel::with(['skus', 'images'])
                ->cache(true, 3600)
                ->find($id);
        }, 3600);
        
        return json($product);
    }

    // 商品搜索
    public function search()
    {
        $keywords = input('keywords');
        $page = input('page', 1);
        $size = input('size', 10);
        
        $params = [
            'index' => 'products',
            'body' => [
                'query' => [
                    'multi_match' => [
                        'query' => $keywords,
                        'fields' => ['name^3', 'description']
                    ]
                ],
                'from' => ($page - 1) * $size,
                'size' => $size
            ]
        ];
        
        $results = app('es')->search($params);
        return json($results);
    }
}

2. 秒杀功能实现

// app/service/SeckillService.php
namespace appservice;

use thinkfacadeDb;
use thinkfacadeCache;
use thinkfacadeQueue;

class SeckillService
{
    public static function checkStock($productId)
    {
        $stockKey = 'seckill_stock_' . $productId;
        $stock = Cache::get($stockKey);
        
        if ($stock === false) {
            $stock = Db::name('product')
                ->where('id', $productId)
                ->value('stock');
            Cache::set($stockKey, $stock, 3600);
        }
        
        return $stock > 0;
    }

    public static function seckill($userId, $productId)
    {
        $lockKey = 'seckill_lock_' . $productId;
        if (!Cache::add($lockKey, 1, 10)) {
            return false;
        }
        
        try {
            Db::startTrans();
            
            $stock = Db::name('product')
                ->where('id', $productId)
                ->lock(true)
                ->value('stock');
                
            if ($stock where('id', $productId)
                ->dec('stock')
                ->update();
                
            $orderId = Db::name('order')->insertGetId([
                'user_id' => $userId,
                'product_id' => $productId,
                'status' => 0,
                'create_time' => time()
            ]);
            
            Db::commit();
            
            // 异步处理后续逻辑
            Queue::push('appjobSeckillAfter', [
                'order_id' => $orderId
            ]);
            
            return $orderId;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            Db::rollback();
            throw $e;
        } finally {
            Cache::delete($lockKey);
        }
    }
}

三、性能优化方案

1. 数据库优化

// 数据库配置 config/database.php
return [
    // 主库配置
    'default' => env('database.driver', 'mysql'),
    'connections' => [
        'mysql' => [
            'type' => 'mysql',
            'hostname' => env('database.hostname', '127.0.0.1'),
            'database' => env('database.database', ''),
            'username' => env('database.username', 'root'),
            'password' => env('database.password', ''),
            'hostport' => env('database.hostport', '3306'),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'deploy' => 1, // 分布式部署
            'rw_separate' => true, // 读写分离
            'master_num' => 2, // 主库数量
            'slave_no' => '', // 指定从服务器序号
            'fields_strict' => true,
            'break_reconnect' => true,
            'fields_cache' => false,
            'prefix' => 'tp_',
            'trigger_sql' => env('app_debug', true),
        ],
        
        // 从库配置
        'mysql_slave' => [
            'type' => 'mysql',
            'hostname' => env('database.slave_hostname', '127.0.0.1'),
            'database' => env('database.database', ''),
            'username' => env('database.slave_username', 'root'),
            'password' => env('database.slave_password', ''),
            'hostport' => env('database.slave_hostport', '3306'),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'prefix' => 'tp_',
        ]
    ],
    // 其他配置...
];

2. 缓存策略

// 多级缓存实现
namespace appcommoncache;

use thinkfacadeCache;

class MultiLevelCache
{
    // 本地缓存时间（短）
    const LOCAL_TTL = 60;
    // 分布式缓存时间（长）
    const DIST_TTL = 3600;
    
    public static function get($key)
    {
        // 先查本地缓存
        $value = apcu_fetch($key);
        if ($value !== false) {
            return $value;
        }
        
        // 再查分布式缓存
        $value = Cache::get($key);
        if ($value !== null) {
            // 回填本地缓存
            apcu_store($key, $value, self::LOCAL_TTL);
            return $value;
        }
        
        return null;
    }
    
    public static function set($key, $value, $ttl = null)
    {
        $ttl = $ttl ?? self::DIST_TTL;
        apcu_store($key, $value, min($ttl, self::LOCAL_TTL));
        Cache::set($key, $value, $ttl);
    }
}