Java虚拟线程实战：百万级并发的新一代线程模型
一、性能突破
虚拟线程使并发能力提升1000倍，内存占用仅为平台线程的1/1000
// 传统线程：10000并发需要10GB内存
// 虚拟线程：100万并发仅需2GB内存二、核心API
1. 虚拟线程创建
// 方式1：直接创建
Thread vt = Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> {
System.out.println("虚拟线程运行中");
});
// 方式2：使用Builder
Thread.ofVirtual()
.name("worker-", 0)
.start(() -> {
// 任务逻辑
});2. 线程池集成
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();
Future<String> future = executor.submit(() -> {
return httpClient.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
});三、高级应用
1. 异步IO整合
void handleRequest(HttpRequest request) {
Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> {
try (var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
var response = client.send(
request,
BodyHandlers.ofString()
);
System.out.println(response.body());
}
});
}2. 线程局部变量
static final ThreadLocal<User> currentUser = new ThreadLocal<>();
void processRequest(Request request) {
Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> {
currentUser.set(request.user());
try {
// 业务处理
} finally {
currentUser.remove();
}
});
}四、完整案例
高性能HTTP服务器
public class VirtualThreadServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
var server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(8080), 0);
server.createContext("/", exchange -> {
Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> {
try {
String response = "Hello from virtual thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread();
exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, response.length());
try (var os = exchange.getResponseBody()) {
os.write(response.getBytes());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
});
server.start();
}
} function checkJavaVersion() {
alert(‘请使用Java19+运行示例，添加–enable-preview启动参数’);
}
